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规则书上找了下，有点复杂，说的不一定很准确，姑且看看
Neutral Zone, Start of Neutral Zone, and Encroaching
The Neutral Zone is the space between the forward and backward points of the ball
(planes). It starts when the ball is ready for play. (See neutral zone infraction, 7-2-3)
A player is Encroaching (7-2-3) on the neutral zone when any part of his body is in
it and contact occurs prior to the snap. The official must blow his whistle immediately.
关于中立区和侵犯中立区，中立区指的是球的前后竖直平面。当球员身体有部分进入中立区，并发生接触时，裁判需要立刻鸣哨。
Offside
A player is Offside when any part of his body or his person is in the neutral zone, or is
beyond the free kick line, or fair catch kick line, when the ball is put in play
球员身体任何一部分，进入中立区；球员进入中立区；球员越过开球线
Offside 判罚
Article 3 After the neutral zone starts, no player of either team at snap may:
(a) encroach upon it (3-19); or
(b) be offside (3-20).
规则书上找了下，有点复杂，说的不一定很准确，姑且看看
Neutral Zone, Start of Neutral Zone, and Encroaching
The Neutral Zone is the space between the forward and backward points of the ball (planes). It starts when the ball is ready for play. (See neutral zone infraction, 7-2-3) A player is Encroaching (7-2-3) on the neutral zone when any part of his body is in it and contact occurs prior to the snap. The official must blow his whistle immediately.
关于中立区和侵犯中立区，中立区指的是球的前后竖直平面。当球员身体有部分进入中立区，并发生接触时，裁判需要立刻鸣哨。
Offside
A player is Offside when any part of his body or his person is in the neutral zone, or is
beyond the free kick line, or fair catch kick line, when the ball is put in play
球员身体任何一部分，进入中立区/球员进入中立区/球员越过开球线
Offside 判罚
Article 3 After the neutral zone starts, no player of either team at snap may:
(a) encroach upon it (3-19); or
(b) be offside (3-20).
Note 1: It is offside when a defender moves beyond the neutral zone prior to the snap and is parallel to or beyond an offensive lineman, with an unabated path to the quarterback or kicker. Even though no contact is made by a blocker; officials are to blow their whistles immediately.
Note 2: It is a Neutral Zone Infraction when a defender enters the neutral zone prior to the snap, causing the offensive player(s) in close proximity to react (move) immediately to protect himself against impending contact; officials are to blow their whistles immediately. If there is no immediate reaction by the offensive player(s) in close proximity, and the defensive player returns to a legal position prior to the snap without contacting an opponent, there is no foul. For offensive linemen aligned from tight end to tight end, a player is in close proximity if he is within 21⁄2 players of another player. A flexed or split receiver is considered to be in close proximity if he is lined up on the side of the ball on which the violation occurs.
Note 3: During the last two minutes of a half, once the ball has been respotted for the succeeding down and the Head Linesman has placed his bean bag on the ground at the new line of scrimmage, the Umpire, upon signal from the Referee, is to step away from the ball. At this point a snap may be made. If the ball is snapped before all members of the defensive team have taken their proper position on line of scrimmage, play is to be stopped immediately and that team penalized five yards for offside.
Offside 犯规，中立区开始后，任何球员不得在开球时，侵犯中立区/越位。再注意下下面几个Note。1.越过OL。2.防守方进入中立区，进攻球员立即做出反应，作出移动，则判罚；如果攻方没有及时反应，守方退回，且没有身体接触，则不判罚。3. 半场/全场最后两分钟，只要主裁将指示袋放在开球线，副裁判得到指示，离开球。这时，如果守方球员没有正确站位，而攻方开球，则可判罚守方越位（这条应该主要是防止拖延时间）
False Start判罚
From the start of the neutral zone until the snap, no offensive player, if he assumed a set position, shall charge or move in such a way as to simulate the start of a play (false start).
从中立区开始到开球为止，如果一名进攻球员已经作出定位姿势，他不得以假装进攻开始的方式前冲或移动（提前移动）。感觉这个有点难判断。。。
SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES
(1) When interior lineman of the offensive team (tackle to tackle) takes or simulates a three-point stance and then moves after taking that stance, the offensive team shall be penalized for a false start. The official must blow his whistle immediately.
OL 中间三人 作出或者假装作出三点式站姿，并且之后在此姿势下移动，攻方False Start，裁判需立刻鸣哨
(2) The penalty for a false start (Article 4) shall be enforced regardless of whether snap is made. The distance penalty for the false start may be declined.
False Start判罚需立即执行，无论是否已经开球。此判罚可拒绝。
(3) Any quick, abrupt movement by a single offensive player or by several offensive players in unison, which simulates the start of the snap is a false start.
Note: Any obvious attempt by the quarterback to draw an opponent offside is a false start penalty.
任何单个/群体进攻球员突然移动，假装开球开始，要被判False Start。
注释：四分卫明显尝试引起对方越位的动作都是False Start.
(4) A player who extends his hands under center as if to receive the snap may go in motion, provided he comes to a complete stop and resets as a back before the ball is snapped. If he fails to reset as a back it is a false start when the ball is snapped. This includes any player under or behind the center who places his hands on his knees or on the body of the center. If the action is quick and abrupt it is a false start.
伸手放在中锋身下，准备接开球的球员，如果他在球被开出时完全停顿，并且可以重新定位为一名后卫，那他可以移动。如果不能重新定位为一名后卫，则球开出时，算作False Start。这包括任何在中锋身后，并把手放在自己膝盖上或者中锋身上的球员。如果这动作速度很快，很突然，则判为False Start.（不是太明白。。。）
(5) Any offensive backfield player, not under center, including a kicker or a placekick holder who extends his hand, does not have to receive the snap, nor must he retract them prior to the snap.
任何没有在中锋身后，伸出手的攻方后场球员，包括踢球员或扶球员，不一定要接到开球，也不用在开球前将手收回。
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狗仔卡
发表于 2011-10-18 14:07
提升卡
置顶卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2011-10-18 14:50
楼主